Harpalinae
Kipling Will and David R. Maddison
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close boxIntroduction
This large clade contains more than half of carabid species. It is supported as monophyletic by both morphological and molecular data (Maddison et al., 1999; Ober, 2002).Characteristics
The Harpalinae comprise those carabids with conjunct mesocoxae (as explained on the page for the Carabidae Conjunctae, and which also have the following features:- male parameres conchoid and asetose (in rare cases, e.g. Pseudamara arenaria, parameres have some apical setae)
- mandible lacking scrobal seta (various taxa may have numerous short fine setae in the scrobe and in rare cases, e.g. Metius robustus, there may be a single more substantial seta. However, this condition is recognizably different than the single robust fixed seta in the scrobe of non-harpalinae taxa)
- Configuration of abdomen:Tergum VIII partially or totally invaginated with anterolateral apophyses present. Pygidial gland opening near the posterior margin of tergum VIII.
- most species spray hydrocarbons and formic acid in defense secretions (Moore, 1979)
- male chromosome number in most species 2n=36+x
- high-grade wedge-pushing ability
References
Maddison, D.R., M.D. Baker, and K.A. Ober. 1999. Phylogeny of carabid beetles as inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Systematic Entomology, 24:103-138.
Ober, K.A. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the carabid subfamily Harpalinae (Coleoptera) based on molecular sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 24: 228-248.
Title Illustrations
| Scientific Name | Pterostichus morionides |
|---|---|
| Identified By | K.Will |
| Life Cycle Stage | Adult |
| Image Use |
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| Copyright |
© Kipling Will
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| Scientific Name | Calybe sallei |
|---|---|
| Location | USA: Texas: Fredonia |
| Specimen Condition | Dead Specimen |
| Sex | female |
| Image Use |
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0.
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| Copyright |
© 2005 David R. Maddison
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| Scientific Name | Bradycellus |
|---|---|
| Location | USA: New Mexico: Grant Co., Gila River, Billings Vista |
| Specimen Condition | Dead Specimen |
| Image Use |
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0.
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| Copyright |
© 2005 David R. Maddison
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| Scientific Name | Chlaenius ruficauda |
|---|---|
| Location | USA: New Mexico: Grant Co., Gila River, Billings Vista |
| Specimen Condition | Dead Specimen |
| Identified By | David Maddison |
| Sex | Male |
| Image Use |
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0.
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| Copyright |
© 2002 David R. Maddison
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About This Page
Kipling Will
University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
David R. Maddison
Oregon State University
Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Kipling Will at and David R. Maddison at
Page copyright © 2012 Kipling Will and David R. Maddison
Page: Tree of Life
Harpalinae.
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Kipling Will and David R. Maddison.
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- Content changed 07 July 2006
Citing this page:
Will, Kipling and David R. Maddison. 2006. Harpalinae. Version 07 July 2006 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Harpalinae/100/2006.07.07 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
