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Apidae sensu lato

Bees

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Buff-tailed humble bee, adult worker
taxon links [up-->]Megachilidae [up-->]Apidae [up-->]Colletidae [up-->]Halictidae [up-->]Andrenidae [down<--]Apoidea Interpreting the tree
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This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.

The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.

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You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.

For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.

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Tree after Alexander and Michener (1995), Brothers (1999), and Roig-Alsina and Michener (1993).
Containing group: Apoidea

Other Names for Apidae sensu lato

References

Alexander, B. 1990. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of sphecoid wasps and bees. Sphecos 20: 7-16.

Alexander, B. A. and Michener, C. D. 1995. Phylogenetic studies of the families of short-tongued bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55: 377-424.

Brothers, D. J. 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea). Zoologica Scripta 28 (1-2): 233-249.

Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic Amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1-192.

Melo, G. A. R. 1997. Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification of the Major Lineages of Apoidea (Hymenoptera), with Emphasis on the Crabronid Wasps. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

Plant, J. D. and Paulus, H. F. 1987. Comparative morphology of the postmentum of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) with special remarks on the evolution of the lorum. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 25: 81-103.

Roig-Alsina, A. and Michener, C. D. 1993. Studies of the phylogeny and classification of long-tongued bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55: 124-162.

Information on the Internet

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Hylaeus leptocephalus
Location Brooklyn, Kings County, New York, USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Male
Source #157295
Source Collection BugGuide.Net
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 1.0.
Copyright © Steve Nanz
Buff-tailed humble bee, adult worker
Scientific Name Bombus terrestris
Location S.E. London, England
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Identified By Chris Townsend
Behavior Collecting nectar
Sex Female
Life Cycle Stage Adult workder
View Profile
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0.
Copyright ©
Scientific Name Anthidium septumspinosum
Location Montsouris-Dareau, Paris, France
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Male
Source Anthidium septumspinosum
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2008 Cécile Bassaglia
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Citing this page:

Tree of Life Web Project. 2004. Apidae sensu lato. Bees. Version 19 March 2004 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Apidae_sensu_lato/11193/2004.03.19 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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This page is a Tree of Life Branch Page.

Each ToL branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the Tree of Life. The major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the Tree of Life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches, that is, subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

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